Published on: 2026-09-30
Source: Official website of the State –
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On September 30, 1941, the Battle of Moscow began – one of the largest battles of the Great Patriotic War, where Hitler suffered his first major defeat.
The fascist troops, aiming to capture the capital before the onset of winter cold, devised an offensive plan called “Typhoon,” according to which they planned to take the city within 10–12 weeks.
The battle began under unfavorable conditions for us: the Germans captured vast territories and resources in the first months of the war. The Red Army lacked ammunition, planes, tanks. They suffered heavy losses.
Moscow and the region formed 16 divisions of the people’s militia, which included volunteers of non-conscription age, as well as those who were not drafted due to health reasons. Students, teachers, factory workers, and theater actors, united by a single goal – to defend their hometown – took up its defense.
Muscovites worked tirelessly on constructing defensive lines: nearly 600,000 residents of the capital and the region participated in this. Highways and bridges were mined, and around the city, on its streets and squares, anti-tank ditches, obstacles, firing points, and barricades were built.
Enemy troops rushing towards the capital were stopped 25 kilometers from its outskirts in the area of Kriukovo station, the Krasnaya Polyana settlement, and Lobnya at the end of November – beginning of December 1941. For two months prior, the Hitlerite army had been advancing on the capital from different directions, and many towns, villages, and settlements became places of desperate resistance by the defenders of Moscow, who died but did not surrender.
On the night of December 5 to 6, 1941, Soviet forces launched a counteroffensive near Moscow — a battle that became one of the most massive in World War II. More than 7 million people participated, and no other capital in the world offered such a powerful resistance to Hitler.
The Battle of Moscow, which lasted 203 days and nights from September 30, 1941, to April 20, 1942, became a symbol of the unyielding resilience of the Soviet people. More than a million people were awarded the Medal “For the Defence of Moscow,” a third of whom were women and children, and a million Red Army soldiers gave their lives for victory. On May 8, 1965, the capital, having endured this terrible trial, was awarded the title “Hero City.”
Among the defenders of the capital were our staff and students. Read about them in the cards.
We remember. We are proud.
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