Published on: 2026-09-28
Source: Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering –
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Professor of the Department of Ground Transport-Technological Machines at SPbGASU, Doctor of Technical Sciences Alexander Pushkaryov developed a method for calculating and designing attachments for municipal machines used for hydro-jet cleaning of the working surfaces of transport infrastructure objects.
The study is aimed at expanding the capabilities of municipal equipment used for cleaning roads, engineering structures, and other objects from contaminants, snow and ice formations, and various deposits. The technology uses a high-pressure water jet, and the use of abrasive particles increases the efficiency of removing contaminants from metal, asphalt concrete, stone, and other surfaces.
The relevance of the work is related to the fact that scientifically grounded methods for calculating and designing the working tool and attachment systems for such equipment are currently lacking. Therefore, the study was aimed at investigating the patterns of the hydrojet cleaning process and determining the parameters necessary for equipment design.
During experimental studies, Alexander Pushkaryov tested the effectiveness of the technology on various surfaces: asphalt concrete with a layer of ice, granite with construction mortar, road markings, and a metal sheet with alkyd paint. The results showed that the cleaning of samples occurs already at a water pressure of 10 MPa, and with an increase in pressure to 20 MPa, the process productivity increases.
The analysis of the obtained data made it possible to establish the dependencies of the volume of removed material on the main cleaning parameters, including the tool movement speed, distance to the surface, and water temperature. The influence of water and abrasive supply parameters—their flow rate, density, and pressure—was also studied.
The obtained dependencies allow selecting cleaning modes for a specific surface and technical characteristics of the municipal machine. In addition, the developed method makes it possible to determine the necessary parameters of the water and abrasive supply system to achieve the specified performance.
The research results can be applied in the design of attachments for municipal machines and in choosing their operating modes, taking into account the characteristics of the surface being cleaned. The developed methodology provides a basis for the rational selection of equipment and the development of design solutions for hydrojet cleaning machines.
The work “Method for calculation and design of attached equipment for a municipal machine for cleaning working surfaces of transport infrastructure facilities” was carried out within the framework of research work by the scientific and teaching staff of SPbGASU under internal university grants in 2026.
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